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After more than one year of relative peace on Taiwan’s streets after opposition to a cross-strait trade deal led to the storming of the Legislative Yuan by members of the “Sunflower”student protest movement, protests erupted again on July 23, 2015. This time, high school students stormed the offices of the island’s educational authorities and confronted police.
The issue under scrutiny was proposed revisions to high school history textbooks. Student protesters and the pro-independence oppo- sition Democratic Progressive Party （DPP） claim that the revisions were a move to “brainwash” young Taiwanese into accepting Beijing’s“One China” stance on the island’s geopolitical status. Supporters of the revisions, meanwhile, argued that they would “restore historical fact” to the existing curriculum which, they claimed, had been “distorted” to serve a pro-independence political agenda.
The July protests are just the latest chapter in an enduring conflict over the content of Taiwanese school textbooks that has raged for 20 years, ever since dramatic modifications were made between 1996 and 2008 under the administration of Kuomintang （KMT or Nationalist Party） leader Lee Teng-hui and his DPP successor Chen Shui-bian. Both men are well-known for adopting a pro-independence stance, although in Lee’s case his party has traditionally supported the “One China” doctrine.
Critics have long argued that the current textbook guidelines formulated by these administrations violate the constitution of the Republic of China （ROC）, Taiwan’s official name, by severing the history of the island itself from the history of the ROC, and thus serving a long-term strategic goal of indoctrinating students into supporting Taiwanese independence and framing the ROC as an alien regime.
Since the KMT triumphed over the DPP in the 2008 general election and subsequently adopted policies to increase economic ties with the mainland, there have been strong calls to revise the guidelines.
After six years in power, current Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou’s government finally decided to take action. Although the newly proposed changes are relatively minor when compared to the overhaul instigated by the Lee and Chen administrations, school textbooks immediately became the newest battlefield to open up between the DPP and the KMT.
‘Occupation’ vs ‘Governance’
Besides the long-standing dispute over whether to refer to the mainland as “China” or “the Chinese mainland,” a major debate has raged around wording describing Japan’s colonial rule of the island after its military victory over China’s Qing Dynasty in 1895, an occupation which endured until the end of World War II.
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