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To the Chinese people, the Spring Festival, or nian, is the most important festival of the year. For centuries, this day has been celebrated wherever Chinese live. When firecrackers bang, it is time to see off the old year and usher in the new one. It is a time of joy and merry-making, whether in modern cities or ancient villages, in northeastern forests with temperatures of -40 degrees Celsius or southwestern towns with evergreen vegetation, on northern snow-covered Inner Mongolia grasslands or by the southern Yangtze River where spring is already much in the air.
What are Chinese memories about their Lunar New Year? They can be anything from the journey back home for family reunion to happy smiles at table, from brilliant fireworks and lingering smoke to new couplets on the doors of every household, from goods of all kinds at temple fairs to the deafening sound of gongs and drums, from bouquets in the markets to red lanterns in the streets. The experience may differ, but the feeling is the same. It is all about happiness.
Temple Fairs and Village Parades
Visiting miaohui （temple fairs） is a Lunar New Year tradition, a sweet memory to almost every Chinese since childhood. Miaohui originated from religious rituals at Buddhist or Taoist temples, when monks and priests performed services to deities, and laymen came to make vows, redeem their vows or pray for blessings. Lion dances, dragon dances, “land boat” dances or stilt walking were performed to set the joyful mood, and stalls selling snacks and handicrafts also attracted a lot of visitors.
Nowadays, many temple fairs are held in parks and other open spaces. They are more like venues of marketing and entertainment shows, with less religious function.
In villages, people perform shehuo to entertain themselves. When gongs and drums are struck, the villagers will dance to the beats of the music, and the procession will wind its way through village lanes and stop at every household to bring blessings. At this moment, the whole village is permeated with a joyous atmosphere.
Shehuo originated from the worship of the God of Land （she） and the God of Fire （huo）. In an agricultural country, land is the most precious asset to people. Land produces materials to sustain the nation, and fire brings people warmth and cooked food, both essential for survival. In China’s ancient past, people worshipped land and fire and developed rituals to make offerings. As time goes by, the rituals of worship have evolved into grand self-entertaining activities for people to celebrate New Year’s Day on the Chinese lunar calendar.
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