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In a public speech at Peking University in late May this year, Kong Dan, former president of China International Trust and Investment Corporation （CITIC）, a large State-owned investment complex established in 1979, cited Chinese President Xi Jinping’s advice to the country’s youth that “life is like buttoning up your clothes,” saying that his 65 years of life have been marked by six “buttons,” each representing a crucial phase in China’s history.
Born into a revolutionary family, Kong Dan and his contemporaries are known as “second-generation reds.” Many of them joined the Party as teenagers, served as Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution （1966-1976）, were sent to work in the countryside by Chairman Mao, and were later transferred into management positions at State-owned enterprises （SOEs） in the 1980s when the country began to embrace a market economy. Now, some among them are becoming increasingly politically vocal, particularly when it comes to their views on China’s reform.
“Each of you will meet a mix of opportunities in your life. You must seize these opportunities, and submit to the fate you cannot escape,”Kong told the Peking University graduates, encouraging them to bear the responsibility with which history has endowed them – to modernize China according to the country’s own conditions.
Kong had long kept a very low profile until four years ago when a debate with his old classmate Qin Xiao, another second-generation red and former president of China Merchants Group, another large SOE, flared up online. Despite having lived a very similar life to Kong Dan, Qin holds altogether different views on China’s reform.
“Social transition should not mean modernization in the ‘Chinese context’ – it should be a restructuring of a centralized society into a modern one that values freedom, democracy and individual rights. It should be based on market economy, democratic politics and the rule of law,” he said in a commencement speech at Tsinghua University in 2010.
“I don’t think ‘Chinese characteristics’ or the ‘Chinese model’should replace the ‘universal values’ of freedom, democracy and individual rights,” he told his audiences.
Before Qin had even made it off the Tsinghua campus, snippets from his speech had already been posted online and were attracting scathing criticism, including from his old friend Kong Dan, a staunch believer in the idea that China should not attempt to copy Western societal models.
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